![]() ![]() To work effectively with our team we should either set up a team workspace or a team account in Postman. They may not be comfortable with any data being out of their direct control and ultimately having to trust that nothing is saved externally that could compromise their security. It’s worthwhile considering this aspect carefully as organisations may be averse to storing information externally with a third party. One main disadvantage from this though is that we now have a copy of our tests stored with a third party so should be careful not to store any sensitive information in our collections or environments. Thanks to this, whenever we save changes to our collection, these will sync automatically through the API and the rest of the team can view these by simply hitting the refresh button. With an account, however, we can start to utilise the Postman API which backs up our workspaces, collections and environments in the cloud. Running the Postman app without having an account allows us to make and manage collections locally. ![]() ![]() So, can we build on this to make the process easier for teams to develop and test? Let’s start by having a look at the Postman API. This means that any change involves completely replacing our test file(s) so understanding and reviewing those changes on typical version control systems e.g. Using Stephen’s approach leaves us with files that aren’t easily readable and any changes to them involve importing them to postman if not already there, exporting once the changes are saved and replacing the older files in the repo with these completely new ones. Don’t worry, we’ll be here when you get back. If you haven’t read it yet, now would be a good time to go and give it a look. Primarily how we can export collections and environments as well as using Newman to run them from the command line. To that end, let’s see how we can automate our API tests with Postman, a tool I’m sure many of us have come across at one point or another.įor this, we will be using Stephen Mangan’s post A Beginner’s Guide to Automated API Testing (Postman/Newman) as a jumping off point so will be assuming a lot of the knowledge from there. Having well written tests that we can easily modify and automate in our CI/CD pipeline will contribute greatly to this. As microservices become the norm, ensuring our systems can communicate properly is now more important than ever. ![]()
0 Comments
![]() ![]() Bosons are characterized by Bose–Einstein statistics and all have integer spins. īosons are one of the two fundamental particles having integral spinclasses of particles, the other being fermions. ![]() ^ A precise value of the muon mass is 105.658 3755(23) MeV/ c 2.^ A precise value of the electron mass is 0.510 998 950 00(15) MeV/ c 2.The hypothetical heavy right-handed neutrino, called a " sterile neutrino", has been omitted. Neutrinos are known to oscillate, so that neutrinos of definite flavor do not have definite mass, rather they exist in a superposition of mass eigenstates. There are six leptons in total the three charged leptons are called "electron-like leptons", while the neutral leptons are called " neutrinos". The antiparticle of an electron is an antielectron, which is almost always called a " positron" for historical reasons. Their respective antiparticles are the antileptons, which are identical, except that they carry the opposite electric charge and lepton number. Leptons do not interact via the strong interaction. There are six flavors of quarks the three positively charged quarks are called "up-type quarks" while the three negatively charged quarks are called "down-type quarks". Their respective antiparticles are the antiquarks, which are identical except that they carry the opposite electric charge (for example the up quark carries charge 2⁄ 3, while the up antiquark carries charge − 2⁄ 3), color charge, and baryon number. Quarks are the only known carriers of fractional charge, but because they combine in groups of three (baryons) or in pairs of one quark and one antiquark (mesons), only integer charge is observed in nature. Quarks are the fundamental constituents of hadrons and interact via the strong force. In the Standard Model, there are 12 types of elementary fermions: six quarks and six leptons. They are classified according to whether they interact via the strong interaction or not. Fermions are the basic building blocks of all matter. ![]() It is not known whether the neutrino is a Dirac fermion or a Majorana fermion. All known fermions except neutrinos, are also Dirac fermions that is, each known fermion has its own distinct antiparticle. They include the quarks and leptons, as well as any composite particles consisting of an odd number of these, such as all baryons and many atoms and nuclei.įermions have half-integer spin for all known elementary fermions this is 1⁄ 2. Fermion particles are described by Fermi–Dirac statistics and have quantum numbers described by the Pauli exclusion principle. Many other hypothetical elementary particles, such as the graviton, have been proposed, but not observed experimentally.įermions are one of the two fundamental classes of particles, the other being bosons. All the particles of the Standard Model have been experimentally observed, including the Higgs boson in 2012. Fermions have half-integer spin while bosons have integer spin. Elementary particles are classified according to their spin. Many families and sub-families of elementary particles exist. They are the fundamental objects of quantum field theory. In order to be neutral, an atom must have the same number of electrons and protons.See Standard Model for the current consensus theory of these particles.Įlementary particles are particles with no measurable internal structure that is, it is unknown whether they are composed of other particles. If a neutral atom has 10 protons, it must have 10 electrons. If a neutral atom has 2 protons, it must have 2 electrons. If a neutral atom has 1 proton, it must have 1 electron. In other words, a neutral atom must have exactly one electron for every proton. This means that the negative charge on an electron perfectly balances the positive charge on the proton. Negative and positive charges of equal magnitude cancel each other out. \)) are useful, because, as you can see, the mass of a proton and the mass of a neutron are almost exactly \(1\) in this unit system. ![]() |